Free Essays on Intelligence

Intelligence/IQ Test Intelligence is the ability to acquire information, analyze the information, and be able to use what you have acquired in the future. You also need to know how to survive in the world, which involves common sense and to know right from wrong. The theory that is the closet to the definition of intelligence would be Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Everyone is different, which means people can obtain the same information. However, some people may not be able to analyze the information while others are able to analyze and use the information well. Gardner believes there are seven distinct kinds of intelligence: Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, Spatial, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. He believes that each person has multiple forms of these intelligence. IQ test should not be paper and pencil test. Children should be observed throughout a day, where there are activities that every child must do that tap into each of the intelligences Gardner has described. The activities can test several of the intelligences at one time or can test just one. One activity that taps into Musical intelligences is to play a melody and have the child play it back. An example of an activity that test different intelligence at the same time could be; have the children work in a group and they have to write a short story and be able to use movements or objects to help them tell the story. This activity involves Interpersonal intelligence because they are working with other people. It also involves Linguistic intelligence because you are writing a story. If the children use movements to help them tell the story then the activity would also use Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence. Some of the pros of this kind of evaluation of intelligence are; children will not be compared to each other, and they will know what they are good at and what they are bad at. The activities could also be c... Free Essays on Intelligence Free Essays on Intelligence Why IQ Tests Don't Test Intelligence The task of trying to quantify a person’s intelligence has been a goal of psychologists since before the beginning of this century. The Binet-Simon scales were first proposed in 1905 in Paris, France and various sorts of tests have been evolving ever since. One of the important questions that always comes up regarding these tools is what are the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a person’s intelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Or just some arbitrary quantity of the person’s IQ? When examining the situations around which these tests are given and the content of the tests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests may be for standardizing a group’s intellectual ability, they are not a good indicator of intelligence. To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should be the same for everyone involved. If anything has been learned from the psychology of perception, it is clear that a person’s environment has a great deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the light flickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is the temperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in the worst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a person’s mind, it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyone’s body is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is it expected to get standardized results across all the subjects? Because of this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent of their environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot be viewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a person’s intelligence. It is obvious that a person’s intelligence stems from a variety of traits. A few of these that are often tested are reading comprehension, vocabulary, and spatial relations. B... Free Essays on Intelligence Intelligence/IQ Test Intelligence is the ability to acquire information, analyze the information, and be able to use what you have acquired in the future. You also need to know how to survive in the world, which involves common sense and to know right from wrong. The theory that is the closet to the definition of intelligence would be Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Everyone is different, which means people can obtain the same information. However, some people may not be able to analyze the information while others are able to analyze and use the information well. Gardner believes there are seven distinct kinds of intelligence: Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, Spatial, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. He believes that each person has multiple forms of these intelligence. IQ test should not be paper and pencil test. Children should be observed throughout a day, where there are activities that every child must do that tap into each of the intelligences Gardner has described. The activities can test several of the intelligences at one time or can test just one. One activity that taps into Musical intelligences is to play a melody and have the child play it back. An example of an activity that test different intelligence at the same time could be; have the children work in a group and they have to write a short story and be able to use movements or objects to help them tell the story. This activity involves Interpersonal intelligence because they are working with other people. It also involves Linguistic intelligence because you are writing a story. If the children use movements to help them tell the story then the activity would also use Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence. Some of the pros of this kind of evaluation of intelligence are; children will not be compared to each other, and they will know what they are good at and what they are bad at. The activities could also be c... Free Essays on Intelligence Intelligence has been defined by prominent researchers in the field as : Binet and Simon (1905): the ability to judge well, to understand well, to reason well. Terman (1916): the capacity to form concepts and to grasp their significance. Wechsler (1939): the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment. Gardner (1986): the ability or skill to solve problems or to fashion products which are valued within one or more cultural settings. Detailed definition of intelligence: Life is essentially a relationship between a living organism and its environment, but it is a permanently threatened and unstable equilibrium. As long as the equilibrium between the organism and its environment is maintained, no further adaptation is required and the living process remains automatic. But when an obstacle, a hesitation or a choice occurs, this blind activity becomes insufficient and consciousness appears.Consciousness is not yet synonymous with intelligence; it is first a feeling or a need but not truly a thought-up relationship or the conscious awareness of a relationship. To be intelligent is to understand, and to understand means to be aware of relationships. Judgment is what makes us aware of relationships.To be intelligent is also to be able to solve new problems or to deal with open-ended situations. In other words, it is about discovering relationships or being capable of invention. Thus, all intelligent action is characterized by the comprehension of relationships between the given elements and a finding out of what has to be done, given those relationships, to create new relationships, solve a difficulty or reach a desired goal. To study intelligence is therefore to study judgment and invention. Logicians have defined judgment as the assertion of a relationship between two ideas. To say: "dog is a mammal" is to establish a relationship between the...

Using the ArrayList in Java

Using the ArrayList in Java Standard arrays in Java are fixed in the number of elements they can have. If you want to increase of decrease the elements in an array then you have to make a new array with the correct number of elements from the contents of the original array. An alternative is to use the ArrayList class. The ArrayList class provides the means to make dynamic arrays (i.e., their length can increase and decrease). Import Statement import java.util.ArrayList; Create an ArrayList An ArrayList can be created using the simple constructor: ArrayList dynamicArray new ArrayList(); This will create an ArrayList with an initial capacity for ten elements. If a larger (or smaller) ArrayList is required the initial capacity can be passed to the constructor. To make space for twenty elements: ArrayList dynamicArray new ArrayList(20); Populating the ArrayList Use the add method to append a value to the ArrayList: dynamicArray.add(10); dynamicArray.add(12); dynamicArray.add(20); Note: The ArrayList only stores objects so although the above lines appear to add int values to ArrayList the are automatically changed to Integer objects as they are appended to the ArrayList. A standard array can be used to populate an ArrayList by converted it to a List collection using the Arrays.asList method and adding it to the ArrayList using the addAll method: String[] names {Bob, George, Henry, Declan, Peter, Steven}; ArrayList dynamicStringArray new ArrayList(20); dynamicStringArray.addAll(Arrays.asList(names)); One thing to note about ArrayList is the elements dont have to be of the same object type. Even though the dynamicStringArray has been populated by String objects, it still can accept number values: dynamicStringArray.add(456); To minimize the chance of errors its best to specify the type of objects you want the ArrayList to contain. This can be done at the creation stage by using generics: ArrayList dynamicStringArray new ArrayList(20); Now the if we try to add an object that isnt a String a compile-time error will be produced. Displaying the Items in an ArrayList To display the items in an ArrayList the toString method can be used: System.out.println(Contents of the dynamicStringArray: dynamicStringArray.toString()); which results in: Contents of the dynamicStringArray: [Bob, George, Henry, Declan, Peter, Steven] Inserting an Item into the ArrayList An object can be inserted anywhere into the ArrayList index of elements by using the add method and passing the position for the insertion. To add the String Max to the dynamicStringArray at position 3: dynamicStringArray.add(3, Max); which results in (dont forget the index of an ArrayList starts at 0): [Bob, George, Henry, Max, Declan, Peter, Steven] Removing an Item from an ArrayList The remove method can be used to remove elements from the ArrayList. This can be done in two ways. The first is to supply the index position of the element to be removed: dynamicStringArray.remove(2); the String Henry in postion 2 has been removed: [Bob, George, Max, Declan, Peter, Steven] The second is to supply the object to be removed. This will remove the first instance of the object. To remove Max from the dynamicStringArray: dynamicStringArray.remove(Max); The String Max is no longer in the ArrayList: [Bob, George, Declan, Peter, Steven] Replacing an Item in an ArrayList Rather than removing an element and inserting a new one in its place the set method can be used to replace an element in one go. Just pass the index of the element to be replaced and the object to replace it with. To replace Peter with Paul: dynamicStringArray.set(3,Paul); which results in: [Bob, George, Declan, Paul, Steven] Other Useful Methods There are a number of useful methods to help navigate the contents of an arraylist: The number of elements contained within an ArrayList can be found using the size method: System.out.println(There are now dynamicStringArray.size() elements in the ArrayList);After all our manipulations of dynamicStringArray were down to 5 elements:There are now 5 elements in the ArrayList Use the indexOf method to find the index position of a particular element: System.out.println(The index position of George is : dynamicStringArray.indexOf(George));The String George is in index position 1:The index position of George is : 1 To clear all the elements from an ArrayList the clear method is used: dynamicStringArray.clear(); Sometimes it can be useful to see if the ArrayList has any elements at all. Use the isEmpty method: System.out.println(Is the dynamicStringArray empty? dynamicStringArray.isEmpty());which after clear method call above is now true:Is the dynamicStringArray empty? true

Hegemony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hegemony - Essay Example According to the theory of hegemonic stability, â€Å"hegemonic structures of power, dominated by a single country, are most conducive towards the development of strong international regimes† so that the norms and rules of a liberal economic order that is characterized by free market principles of openness and non discrimination.1 Kindleberger states that â€Å"For the world economy to be stabilized, there has to be a stabilizer, one stabilizer.†2 As a result, hegemony is that state of international affairs where a single State assumes predominance and utilizes that predominance in order to manage world affairs and it is the hegemon that sets out to manage the world economy by setting out the rules which establish some order and predictability in international trade and finance. The hegemonic power has both the ability and the willingness to establish as well as to maintain the rules that exist in the international economic order. However, as Gilpin points out, it is not strictly necessary for a hegemonic power to exist in order for an international economy to survive and function; rather it is a liberal economic order that is based upon free market principles and non discrimination which would be unable to flourish and reach its full potential without the presence of a hegemonic power.3 The structure of the domestic economy of the hegemon as well as other countries must be geared such that there is a commitment to the market economy without which, it could lead to the emergence of imperial systems wherein the dominant power imposes political and economic restrictions on the lesser powers. There must also be a â€Å"congruence of social purpose† existing among the major economic powers; hence there are three important pre-requisites that must exist for the liberal system to expand and flourish – hegemony, liberal ideology and common interests4.(Gilpin, 1981, ch 3). The hegemonic system will also support the existence of other powerful

Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Analysis - Assignment Example The quality control management depends on the policies and procedures of the various sections of the quality plan. The Credit Quality control procedures and policies are in place to ensure that the auditors are able to access the potential violation of any guidelines in connection with the policies and the procedures. The credit control procedure covers the following sections of the quality control plan: 1. Reviewing of policies for the changes in management- this complies with the quality control plan section of reviewing of procedural compliance in servicing. This assists in adjusting the quality control plan for audit, examinations, and findings procedures. 2. The review of outdated contents and a review of names of unaffiliated entities that are not relevant to the areas of editing - This relates to the quality control policy of ensuring that all mortgagees are eligible and has no connection with delinquent federal debt. 3. The control also makes preliminary conclusions regarding the strength or weaknesses of policies and procedures to come up with the areas best for transactions tests. This is to ensure that the quality control plan upholds timeliness and frequency in terms of servicing functions. 4. The credit quality control also involves testing whether the actual practices are consistent with the written policies and procedures of operations. This would make it easier to eliminate weakling procedures. The Servicing Quality Control policies and procedures address various sections of the quality control plan. As covered in the quality control plan, servicing quality control deals with issues revolving around the customer care, loss mitigation, default management, loan administration, and cash management, investor reporting and shared services. The servicing quality control checks the effectiveness of the PLS policies and internal controls to ensure that the business line has approximately mitigated key risks (James and Donald 287). The

Immanuel Kant by Nathalie G. Catalogo Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant by Nathalie G. Catalogo Essay German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered the most influential thinker of the Enlightenment era and one of the greatest Western philosophers of all times. His works, especially those on epistemology (theory of knowledge), aesthetics and ethics had a profound influence on later philosophers, including contemporary ones. Kant’s philosophy is often described as the golden middle between rationalism and empiricism. He didn’t accept either of both views but he gave credit to both. While rationalists argue that knowledge is a product of reason, empiricists claim that all knowledge comes from experience. Kant rejected yet adopted both, arguing that experience is purely subjective if not first processed by pure reason. Using reason while excluding experience would according to Kant produce theoretical illusion. Afterwards, Kant mainly focused on philosophical issues although he continued to write on science. Source: http://www. philosophers. co. uk/immanuel-kant. html Based on what I’ve read from the philosophy of Immanuel Kant which oftenly described as the golden middle between rationalism and empiricism, I strongly agree with the statements â€Å"experience is purely subjective if not first processed by pure reason† and â€Å"using reason while excluding experience would produce theoretical illusion. † Obviously, both statements complement each other. You will notice that experience needs reason for it not to be subjective and reason on the other hand, needs experience for it not to produce theoretical illusion. Empiricists claim that experience is equal to knowledge while rationalists argue that it is reason which is equal to knowledge. For example, for the empiricists, you have this experience that enrolling at University of Makati (UMak) needs patience and panctuality for there’s so many enrollees which causes a very long line so the process will take so much of your time. Through that experience, you gain knowledge so the next time you enroll, you already know how to handle things better. On the other hand, an example of rationalism is that, if someone teach you that one plus one is equal to two (1 + 1 = 2), you gain knowledge from the reason of mathematics. My assumption for the reason behind why Immanuel Kant adopted both of these is that it is closely related with each other and it needs each other to stand for its essence.

Womens Right to Vote :: American America History

Women's Right to Vote After reading Francis Parkman's article, "Women Are Unfit to Vote", I found myself both offended and annoyed. His arguments were not only shaky, but they were also illogical. He states that the family has been the political unit; consequently, the head of the family should be the political representative. He goes on by stating that women have shared imperfectly in the traditions and not in the practice of self-government. Lastly, he suggests women might vote that men should go off and fight in war. Not only are these statements wrong, but they are very much so offensive. Women are humans, too, and they should be treated how a man is treated. We are, after all, of an equal race, so why do we women not get the right to vote? In my opinion,this question cannot be answered logically. Many reasons can contradict Parkman's statements included in his article, and I plan to do so. To start with, Parkman declares that "the family, and not the individual, has been the political unit, and the head of the family... has been the political representative of the rest." He is saying that the men are the head of the family; therefore, they should be the ones that vote. But what if the head of the family is a woman? Let's say, for example, the husband dies unexpectedly, leaving the woman behind to raise the children and take the position as head of the family. Does she then get the right to vote? Or do we simply deny her that right because she is a woman? According to Francis Parkman, the head of the family is the political representative, and no where in that statement did he once specify the head of the family could not be a woman. Therefore, as long as the woman is the head of the family, they should be granted the right to vote. Many circumstances in one's life may cause them to become, without notice, the head of their family. As quick as they become the new head, they should then be allowed to vote just as quickly. If they are denied that right, then Parkman's statement is false. The head of the family should not be limited to just being a man, and neither should the right to vote. Parkman follows by commenting that "they [women] have shared very imperfectly in the traditions, and not at all in the practice of self-government.

H&M Strategy

The firm has several agreements with providers which must sign H&M’s â€Å"behavior code† for ex in 2006 implementation of an agreement with Procter and Gamble (one on its providers) stipules that H&M can control P&G activities and all its fabrication process. ing high wages. That ability of adaptation shows that H&M can diversify its production and targets specific consumers: its factories make sportswear, masculine and feminine clothes, as well as accessories or lingerie. The role of advertisement is extremely important in H&M’s strategy. The firm uses different ways to sell its products (stores, internet, catalogues): a huge budget is used for communication and advertisement. There is a lot of competition on the clothing market. Zara is the direct competitor of H&M but its prices are a little higher, so H&M enjoys a real economic advantage. H&M minimizes its production costs by building production factories in developing countries (like China, India†¦). The firm enjoys their foreign legislations because they authorized low wages (or lower than European legislations). Social: The ethical aspect is one of the most important principles of H&M (inscriptions on t shirts must not be obscene, racist). For them, protection of animals is necessary (the firm has launched important campaigns), it doesn’t sell real fur, doesn’t buy leather from India for its cruel treatment of animals. And it doesn’t import materials from disappearing species. Moreover, H&M follows fashion and trends to satisfy its consumers and especially the teenagers. This is how the firm owns a real capacity of adaptation. Technological: H&M also sells its products on the Internet by an efficient Websites. News is broadcasted on their Website (when a new line of clothes is launched for ex†¦everyone is aware of partnerships with famous people like Madonna, Karl Lagerfeld, Stella Mc Cartney. )The new technologies used by the firm are a way to make their advertising campaigns more efficient. Textile industry is protected by a lot of patents to assure the authenticity of products and counter fakes.

Managerial Role Essay

Even though the employees are the prime workers in any organisations managers have to manage their employees and even he has to manage the external atmosphere at and around the organisation to run the organisation in an admirable path and their by achieving the predetermined goals. Here I would like to present the manager’s job in an organisation with an example of an interview and with my research work. I took an interview from a manager of software Solutions Company a small scale information technology based company in Australia. hile interviewing him we come across some of the important qualities of a manager According to him a manager should have a good academic qualifications like a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in any of the administrative fields, unless and until if a manager have a good academics he may not be able to solve academic problems in his company. He should also have good communicative skills and interactive skills, marketing ability, managing the customers and a good personality. R. W. Griffin defines manager as a person who first of all is responsible for realization of management process. In particular manager is â€Å"the person, that makes plans and decisions, organizes, supervises and controls human, finance and information resources† (Griffin 2000). I totally agree to the above statements as they said a manager should have a good academic qualification and he even should have a good personality to operate all the above mentioned functions. Unless a manager possesses them he/she can’t keep his company in a better position. He also stated that he has to interact with many people in his day to day life as his company is an IT based company deals with the problems in the technological aspects in hardware and software. He should have proper capability to face many new customers in his day to day life and to a lot his employees for the solution of the customers’ problem. He should attend the customer in his own office or at other private places in favour of customers’ flexibility. He has to take care of his employees, the resources he is utilizing, the marketing staff, more important the customers who are their bread and butter. Doing this he has to keep an eye on the technical advances in his field and on his competitors. So here I understand that managers’ job is much crucial job in any company and he has to be in up-to-date at things that are happening at and around his company. Many managers attain success by coordinating his/her employee effect, in turn obtaining success to the organisation. He states that in his list of people he has to interact in his everyday life the customers are his prime concern because they the main source of the companies’ income unless a customer satisfied with the employees work, he would not pay the amount. So in this relation I came to know that there exists a mutual benefit relationship between the customer and the company hence it is a good example for reciprocal relationship. â€Å"The needs to better understand customer behaviour and the interest of many managers to focus on those customers who can deliver long-term profits have changed how marketers view the world† (Russell S. Winer). The author says that consumers can change the performance of a market and the running style of an organisation hence a good manager should always keep his eye on such type of consumers. Next comes his employees, a good manager should maintain a good interaction with his employees. According to him â€Å"a good manager should look after their employees and he should be their well-wisher†. He says that a good interaction between a manager and his employees builds up a positive energy in the workplace results in better performance of the employee leading to success of the employee as well as the company. He even said that he will help his employees in various ways like allotting them regular and flexible working hours, monitoring their work, giving feedback whenever necessary and solving their issues regarding their work and in their lives. This shows there exists a reciprocal relationship with in them. He said that he has only 4 regular employees working currently with him and hires others whenever necessary. According to Katuria. M in his article named â€Å"three ways to built successful employee manager relationship† he stated that â€Å"the only relationship more important to an organisation than the ustomer-company relationship is the manager- employee relationship and according to the exit interview the no. 1 reason people leave their job is because of their improper relationship with the manager†. Going through all the above conversation I totally agree to both of them and I strictly believe in good manager- employee relationship which aids in success of the com pany and its employees. â€Å"An organisation grows and evolves new positions are added, senior managers have to find a way to tie all these departments together. Coordination refers to the quality of collaboration across the departments. It is required whether there is a functional, divisional or term structure†. (Draft 2012) this statement explains the most responsible duty of a manager in a growing company. It tells us that in a rapidly growing company the managers play a important role that is he has to do division and interlinking the departments there by forming more and more stronger work unit which helps them in solving more complex problems. When dealing with the suppliers he gave me the information that he is connected to many suppliers in his place and even in the Melbourne. As the company is based on the problems and solutions coming in the information technology, they have to be provided with plenty of resources. They need various types of computer spare parts, softwares and many advanced features which were been provided to them by many suppling companies. Even they dealings with vast companies like Harvey Norman etc. He explained me the advantages and disadvantages of maintaining such large groups of suppliers. Ha stated that trust is the main factor that works between suppliers and the company administrator. Many transactions run based on the trust philosophy only. Unless they trust a supplier and use their products they can’t run the company in some situations. I support this statement that trust is the main part of the business. I can state that trust should exist not only between a supplier and the management but also at all the levels in the business sector that is it should be in between the consumer-organisation-supplier. â€Å"Supplier Relationship Management is an all-inclusive approach to managing the affairs and interactions with the organizations that supply your company with goods and services. This includes communications, business practices, negotiations, methodologies and software that are used to establish and maintain a relationship with a supplier. Benefits include lower costs, higher quality, better forecasting and less tension between the two entities that result in a win-win relationship† (Bucki. j). The author explains us that for any company the supplier management relation should be in such a way that there is a benefit from both the sides and the tools were developed to reduce the work related problems between the supplier and the managers in the company who look after all these raw materials. I totally believe with the above discussions because unless there is an adequate amount of raw materials for a company they cannot reach the level of customer satisfaction which is their main goal and the supplier also has to be loyal to the company and supply the raw materials in time there by maintaining a mutual benefit relationship between them. The next I am going to discuss the other important environmental factor the labour market. In this case as the manager already stated that he hires the employees whenever he needs, in explanation to this he gave me the information that when his regular staff are not sufficient to complete a task which was assigned to them he hires some of the software professionals from the employment centres for a shorter period of time and assigns them to work with his regular employees. Without strategic planning it is unlikely that any organisation will be able to meet successfully numerous challenges that face them† (Bryson. j. m). This shows that planning and organisation is the main crucial duties of a manager. Manager has to plan the project prior to its start and distribute the work to his employees accordingly. If a manager fails to perform this step in his level he/she may not be able to reach the target level and fails in leading the organisation and its staff. Finally for an organisation to run in the way of profits and to sustain in this present competitive word the manager has to look after many types of environmental factors some of them which are prime concerned are discussed above the other factors which influence the organisation are Technology, Natural, Sociocultural, Economic, Legal, Political, International (all of these come under external environment) and Culture management. (Draft, R. L) in my opinion manager should have the capability in controlling all these environmental factors. This company having limited employees and being a small scale company the external environmental factors may not have such a great influence. Among them only the technology has a powerful impact because it is purely a software solution company so the employees and the manager should beware of the changing trends in the technology and should be in up to date daily. Recommendations: Keeping in mind the whole interview and with my research I would like to recommend some changes this organisation should implement for better progress they are 1. Increase the employee work ratio. 2. Use of the labour market for hiring the employees should be stopped because the information in the company regarding the projects and codes should be within the company. 3. Instead of hiring the employees from the outside try to increase the regular employees which helping him in planning the work and confidentiality 4. Being a software company I think he should organise some conferences such that his employee will get more latest technical skills 5. As the work hours were longer during the day he has to create work life balance to his employees and for him he. 6. Customer satisfaction should be increased to transform this to a large scale company. Conclusion: Finally I conclude that the environmental factors influence on any organisation is very much crucial and the managerial staff any company should keep an eye on it in order to run the organisation in an admirable way. Various people who are in close relation to the organisation should work together for the mutual benefit of the organisation as well as them.

Commercial Drivers License Guide Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma

Commercial Drivers License Guide Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma If you live in Texas, Kansas or Oklahoma, learn the guideline for getting your Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) below. For all other states, refer to this guide on every state of the country. TexasTo apply for a Texas CDL, you  must:Apply in-person at any  driver license office and complete the appropriate application.Present documents to verify  identity and  Texas residency.Present evidence of a  Social Security Number.Meet the  nonresident commercial requirements  (in some states this is also referred to as â€Å"non-domicile commercial resident†) if you are from a foreign jurisdiction other than Canada or Mexico.Present proof of Texas vehicle registration and liability insurance on all vehicles registered in your name.Complete the Supplement Application Texas Commercial Driver License Certifications and Record of CDL Examination (CDL-1).Consent to be photographed, fingerprinted and provide your signature.Pass the vision test.Pass the knowledge and ski lls tests for the appropriate driver license including endorsements.Pay the  required fee.Provide a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) for the driving test, which must be representative of the type of license you seek.At the driver license office, specify if you  are applying for interstate or intrastate commerce.OklahomaRequirementsYou must be at least 21 years old for interstate (Oklahoma and other states) transport and 18 years old for intrastate (State of Oklahoma only).You will also be asked to provide proper identification when you apply for your CDL (original or certified documents), which can be a Birth Certificate, U.S. Passport, other state’s driver license, or Active Duty Military ID cards.The Application ProcessThe application will ask you questions about your age, training, medical history, current state of health, metal health, vision, hearing acuity, and drug use/alcoholism. You may be denied a CDL if you fail to qualify on any of these requirements.You’ ll also need to pay the appropriate fee, based on what class of license you seek.TestingYou also must  pass knowledge and skills tests in order to be issued a CDL.  Once you have passed the vision screening, written test, and driving test in the vehicle that represents the class you are applying for, you will visit a  Tag Agent, who will photograph you, collect your fees, and give  you your CDL.KansasRoad TestingIn the driving section of the testing, a KS DOR examiner checks your skills including:Pre-trip inspectionA basic operating skills testA basic driving skills testYou must pass each section of testing in order to move on to the next one.In the  pre-trip inspection, you must  walk  the examiner through every part of your inspection of:Fluids, belts, and other items under the hoodThe truck cab, including emergency equipments, dials, gauges, steering, brakes and clutchConnections including hitches, air lines, hydraulics, trailer axel placement or fifth wheel couplin gTires, wheels, brakes, fuel tankTie-downs, tarps, trailer sides, rigging, trailer frame, and trailer doorsCab mirrors, seat, steering, clutch, brakes, emergency equipment, cab doors, communications equipment, and gaugesIn the basic skills  portion, you will be asked to:Drive forward and stopBack upAlley dockParallel parkMake a right turnBackward serpentineThe examiner will then  check your driving skills. The areas covered in this test:TurningIntersectionsUrban and rural straight drivingUrban and rural lane changingExpressway drivingStopping and startingDriving on curves, upgrades and downgradesRailroad crossingsBridges and overpassesTest LogisticsYou won’t need an appointment for your testing, but call in advance to see if the office you want to use has a CDL examiner.Fees vary depending on several factors, including the addition of different endorsements. A chart is available with all  applicable fees on the Kansas DMV website.

Compound Prepositional Phrases in Spanish

Compound Prepositional Phrases in Spanish Prepositions are handy words for showing the relationship among the various words in a sentence. But with something like only two dozen prepositions available, youre limited if you stick to simple prepositions to indicate the connection that a noun or pronoun might have with another word. Fortunately, both Spanish and English have a wide range of prepositional phrases, also known as compound prepositions, that function in much the same way as simple prepositions Using Compound Prepositions An example of compound preposition can be seen in a sentence such as Roberto fue al mercado en lugar de Pablo (Robert went to the market instead of Paul). Although en lugar de is made up of three words, it functions much the same as one word and has a distinct prepositional meaning as a phrase. In other words, like single-word prepositions, prepositional phrases show the connection between the noun (or pronoun) that follows and other words in the sentence. (Although you could probably figure out what en lugar de means by translating the individual words, that isnt true of all prepositional phrases.) The list below shows some of the most common phrases that function as prepositions. Prepositions can also be used in phrases that are used as adverbs, as explained in our lesson on adverbial phrases. As you can see in the examples following this section, not all Spanish prepositional phrases are best translated as prepositional phrases in English. abajo de - underneatha bordo de - aboarda cambio de - in exchange or trade fora cargo de - in charge ofa causa de - because ofacerca de - about, concerningadems de - besides, in addition to, as well asadentro de - insidea disposicià ³n de - at the disposal ofa excepcià ³n de - with the exception of, except fora falta de - due to the lack of, in the absence ofa fin de - with the goal or intent of, in order toafuera de - outsidea fuerza de - by means ofal contrario de - contrary toal estilo de - in the style of, in the manner ofal frente de - at the forefront ofal lado de - next toalrededor de - aroundantes de - before (in time, not location)a pesar de - in spite ofa prueba de - roughly equivalent to the English suffix -proofa punto de - on the verge ofa travà ©s de - through, acrossbajo condicià ³n de que - on the condition thatcerca de - nearcon rumbo a - in the direction ofde acuerdo con - in agreement withdebajo de - underneath, underdelante de - i n front ofdentro de - withindespuà ©s de - after detrs de - behind, afteren caso de - in case ofencima de - on top ofen contra de - againsten forma de - in the shape ofenfrente de - oppositeen lugar de - instead of, in the place ofen medio de - in the middle ofen vez de - instead ofen và ­as de - on the way tofuera de - except forfrente a - opposite, towardslejos de - far frompor causa de - because ofpor razà ³n de - because of Samples Sentences Using Compound Prepositions Las complicaciones despuà ©s de la cirugà ­a de cataratas pueden incluir visià ³n opaca o borrosa. (Complications after cataract surgery can include dull or blurry vision.) A pesar de todo, digo sà ­ a la vida. (Despite everything, I am saying yes to life.) Vea nuestra coleccià ³n de cmaras compactas a prueba de agua. (See our collection of compact waterproof cameras.) La ciudad grande est a punto de un desastre ambiental. (The large city is on the verge of an environmental disaster.) No busques ms hoteles cerca de este. (Dont look for more hotels near this one.)  ¿Por quà © los gatos duermen encima de sus humanos? (Why do cats sleep on top of their humans?) Muchas cosas cambiaron por causa de mi error. (Many things changed because of my mistake.) Key Takeaways Compound prepositions in both English and Spanish are phrases that function in the same way as single-word prepositions.Meanings of compound prepositions cant always be determined by the meanings of the individual words.

How the Brain Mediates and Controls the Sensation of Pain Term Paper

How the Brain Mediates and Controls the Sensation of Pain - Term Paper Example Now, with the advent of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and other non-invasive assessment technologies, the less invasive, but more direct and accurate examination of the brain has been made possible. The areas of the brain which now respond and which manage pain perception and sensation can now be laid out and understood by practitioners. The more technical processes of pain sensation and mediation can now be assessed and evaluated. It is popular knowledge that the brain controls and manages all types of sensation and feelings in our body. Understanding the more specific patterns which explain these control functions in the brain are more complicated and need a more thorough analysis. This study shall now seek to discuss how the brain mediates and controls the sensation of pain. It shall first present an anatomical discussion of pain sensation, and then a deeper analysis of brain mediation and control of pain shall be carried out. An emphasis on the central mechanisms of pain and the bi ological and neurochemical processes underlying them shall be presented in this paper. This study is being undertaken with the purpose of establishing a clear and comprehensive understanding of the brain functions as it mediates and controls pain sensations. ... In effect, sensitized nociceptors can cause secondary shifts in the central activity processing which causes hyperactivity, making input from the A? fibers to be felt as pain (Baron, 2000). As a result, these patients spontaneously experience pain alongside sensitivity to heat. A similar analysis by Pawl (1999) discussed pain as assessed by the brain through function images. In his analysis, he was able to confirm that during the pain experience, increased activity in the sensory pathways from the thalamus to the sensorimotor cortex was apparent. Pawl (1999) also established that the contralateral hippocampus became active during experimental heat pain; during acute pain, activity in the amygdala was also increased. In studies covering chronic pain, the nociceptive disruptions often activated the same areas; but these same areas were manifestly less active in instances of pain which originated psychogenically (Pawl, 1999). This analysis implies the more apparent pathways for pain dep ending on the kind and the source of pain. Based on the analysis by Yaksh (1999), the regulation of afferent processing is at the level of the spine. Yaksh analysis is more detailed in terms of the involvement of the NMDA and the NKI receptors. Aside from systems which can reduce excitability, the post-tissue injury pain condition is marked by the upregulation of gain. As a result, continuous small afferent excitation triggers a cascade which is instigated by the release of amino acids and peptides. With the activation of the NMDA and NKI receptors, there is a rise in intracellular calcium and the stimulation of the kinases and the phospholipase A2 (Yaksh, 1999). The NMDA then acts as the phosphorylate membrane channels and receptors; while the NKI causes the